Railway station - sights of Vladivostok

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The railway station

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d. Vladivostok, Aleutskaya str., 2.

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The most eastern station of Russia

Curious fact: The current station may not have been. The fact is that when designing the Yuzhno-Ussuri railway from Vladivostok to Grafskaya (Dalnerechensk), it was supposed to make the final station First River, and to the city (or rather to the port) lay a branch. Later, the project was amended and the terminal station decided to make Vladivostok.

On May 19, 1891, with the participation of Tsarevich Nikolai, a railway and a railway station were laid. Tsesarevich was served a hammer and a shovel on a silver dish, as well as a cement solution in a special bowl. And His Imperial Highness, having crossed himself, placed a silver board in a special stone niche and carefully walled it up “for ever and ever.”

The first building of the station was built according to the project of architect P. E. Bazilevsky. It was a one-storey stone structure of "a 2nd class passenger station, rectangular in plan, with an entrance risalite and two two-storey towers on the ends of the main volume."

Along the entire roof was arranged lattice roofing parapet with brick pillars to support the roof. The view of the building was the same. Above the front door was a mezzanine-type superstructure with a mast to raise the flag. On the side wall on the north side there was an inscription: "From Vladivostok to St. Petersburg 9877 verst."

On July 1, 1894, the building was finally ready, and on December 27, passenger and freight traffic on the road was opened. In 1906 the railway tracks were extended and laid on both sides of the station. For this purpose, soil was chosen from the side of the square. Here began to receive incoming trains, and from the sea they departed. The station was designed for 6 pairs of trains.

After the Russo-Japanese War, the station became cramped, so it was decided to expand and rebuild it. Another important event was held in 1908. From the very beginning of the train movement, the rails were laid on the same level as Svetlanskaya Street, and when the trains went, the barriers blocked traffic on the street. The railroad management decided to eliminate this inconvenience. The canvas of the road was deepened by one and a half fathoms. Viaducts were built on three streets, and now nothing interfered with the movement of trains. Up to 250 thousand rubles were allocated for the reconstruction of the station. When drafting a new building, it was decided to use the old one. But who exactly is the author of the project of the new station, researchers still have not come to a consensus. Famous seaside local historian Nelly Miz in his book “Vladivostok: walks into the past” writes that in different sources and in different years, the authors of the project were called F. E. Niklevich, N. V. Konovalov, V. A. Planson, V. A. Pokrovsky and others.

In the book "Monuments of the history and culture of the city of Vladivostok" it is indicated that the project in St. Petersburg was developed by Nikolai Vasilyevich Konovalov, but before that he came to Vladivostok to get acquainted with the conditions.
V. Markov in his guide "Vladivostok". A century and a half on the map of Russia" also writes that the author of the project N.V. Konovalov. And for this project, he was even awarded a special award of the Imperial Academy of Arts.
Excursor and local historian Tatiana Fomenko says that Vladimir Planson was exactly engaged in construction, there are even photos of him at the construction site.
In the Harbin magazine "Architecture and Life" it was published that the general idea of the station with the development of parts was produced in St. Petersburg on the board of the Society of the Chinese Eastern Railway. It was a prerequisite that the building was in the Russian style, but without overloading with decorative details. The construction was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Ussuri branch of the KVZhD, and the civil engineer Planson was appointed as the manufacturer of the works. As a manufacturer of works, he played a significant role in the construction of the station: he tied it to the site, led the author's supervision, actually brought the project to mind. At the same time, there are a significant number of drawings that he developed with his own hands during construction. They are signed by Planson as the author.

New old station

The laying of the new station took place on January 16, 1909, and on February 5, 1912, the grand opening took place. Complete reconstruction of the station complex with furniture and painting of the interiors of the building, the arrangement of passenger platforms and stone stairs to the station square, paving the square was completed by September of the same year. Although it was originally planned to rebuild the old station, it turned out, in fact, a completely different building. Built from gray granite sandstone brought from Russky Island, with an ivory-painted facade, it was significantly increased in size. Here is how the new station was described: “The superstructured second floor was connected by two viaducts to the station square, one of which is a covered and heated lobby, and the other remains open. In the lower floor, the passenger building is an island building, so the paths run on both sides.”

Every day from the Yaroslavl station of Moscow departs train No. 2 "Russia" and seven days later it arrives at the other end of the big country - in Vladivostok. And the first thing that greets arriving passengers is the railway station. And it's not just a train station. This is a real monument of Russian architecture.
Curious fact: The current station may not have been. The fact is that when designing the Yuzhno-Ussuri railway from Vladivostok to Grafskaya (Dalnerechensk), it was supposed to make the final station First River, and to the city (or rather to the port) lay a branch. Later, the project was amended and the terminal station decided to make Vladivostok.
On May 19, 1891, with the participation of Tsarevich Nikolai, a railway and a railway station were laid. Tsesarevich was served a hammer and a shovel on a silver dish, as well as a cement solution in a special bowl. And His Imperial Highness, having crossed himself, placed a silver board in a special stone niche and carefully walled it up “for ever and ever.”

The highlight of the station was considered a valm roof with tent-shaped finishes, which is decorated with a metal comb and small curly auditory windows. On the ridge of the roof proudly adorned a bronze double-headed eagle with a crown and spread wings as a symbol of the power of Russia. On the western facade there was a mosaic coat of arms of the Primorsky region, on the eastern – the coat of arms of Moscow – George the Victorious on a horse, striking a dragon. This was a symbol of its own, testifying to the inseparability of Russian Vladivostok from the central regions of Russia, from the ancient traditions of Russian culture. Its picturesque building of the station resembled many masterpieces of Russian architecture of the XVII century. The capital magazine "Niva" in the same 1912 noted that the Vladivostok station is the best on the entire path of the Great Siberian Railway.
There is a well-established opinion that the station of Vladivostok is a copy of the Yaroslavl station in Moscow. Allegedly, the appearance of the two stations was supposed to harmonize and echo, since they are located at two end points of the Trans-Siberian Railway. But it's not. Although the architect Fyodor Shekhtel, the author of the project of the Yaroslavl railway station, put forward the idea of building all railways originating in Moscow, railway station buildings in the traditions of ancient Russian culture, which would symbolize the unity and indivisibility of Russia.
During the Gaidov Uprising of November 17-18, 1918 and the Japanese uprising of April 4-5, 1920, the station building was badly damaged. In October 1922, when the Whites and interventionists fled the city, the station, like many industrial and public buildings, was destroyed. The rolling stock was disabled, warehouses were destroyed and burned, rails with sleepers were removed.

Oblivion and Revival

Since 1924, the appearance of the station building began to change. First, a double-headed eagle was destroyed, then mosaic panels with coats of arms disappeared under a layer of plaster, relief images from irrigated ceramics on Russian folklore and fairy tale stories. The color of the facades has completely changed. In 1936, the interiors of the station were painted by G. Grigorovich, and twenty years later V. Gerasimenko painted the cash room, creating a panel "Our Great Motherland".

"By 1991-1992, the station was in a terrible condition, - says former head of the Vladivostok branch of the FVZD Valery Tarabarov. From the constant movement of trains and under the influence of groundwater broke the foundation. As a result, a through crack half a meter wide appeared on the end of the building. The building could have just collapsed.

In 1994-1996, a large-scale restoration of the station building was carried out.
"First, an all-Russian competition for restoration work was announced. But no one's willing. Then announced an international competition, which won the company from Venice Tegola Canadese. Reconstruction of the station cost $ 13 million, - reveals the secrets of Valery Tarabarov

Italian masters of preserved drawings and historical documents as accurately as possible recreated the original appearance of the station. Were restored doorways, stair railings, stucco. Some of the tiles on the floor and walls were ordered in Switzerland, at the same factory that supplied materials for the station at the beginning of the last century. Literally from oblivion returned and unique tiles and mosaic panels on the facade and inside the building. However, the current tiles are new. The original tiles were transferred to the Arsenyev Museum for storage.
Unfortunately, it was not possible to restore the ceiling paintings on the Gospel stories, which were lost irrevocably.
On the 100th anniversary of the station in 2012, the icon of St. Nicholas of Myrlicia was installed in the main passenger hall. And in 2013, when the 400th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was celebrated, a commemorative plaque with a bas-relief of Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich was installed on the main facade of the station.In 1995, the Vladivostok railway station was included in the list of cultural heritage sites of federal importance. Today it is not only one of the most beautiful buildings in the city, but also a popular attraction.
PHOTOS: In 1996, the platform was installed stele "9288", symbolizing the easternmost point of the Trans-Siberian Railway. 9288 km is the length of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The stele is topped with a double-headed eagle. At the same time, a memorial locomotive Ea-3306 was installed on the station platform. The locomotive was produced according to Soviet drawings at the American Locomotive Company plant in 1944 and delivered in 1945 to the USSR under Lend-Lease. It was removed from the reserve and installed at the railway station as a monument to the valiant work of railway workers during the Great Patriotic War.

Photographs

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